The Kuma Shochu Historical Timeline
Muromachi Period | |
First half of the 16th Century | Shochu production begins in the Kuma and Satsuma areas. |
1546 | Portuguese merchants inform Francis Xavier of “a drink made from rice (rice shochu) called Oraka that people of all castes drink”. |
1559 | An inscription on the Sagara clan’s famous Koriyama-Hachiman shrine is the oldest written record of the term ‘Shochu’, stating: “My master is stingy and never let me drink shochu while working. What an annoyance.” |
Azuchi-Momoyama Period | |
1592~1598 | Bunroku era (1592-1596) and second Japanese invasion of Korea (1597): The Sagara clan served Hideyoshi in his campaign into the Korean peninsula, where they imprisoned Korean shochu distillers and brought them back to Japan. |
Edo Period | |
1657 | The production of alcohol becomes officially regulated, and kabu “stock” licenses become necessary for the selling of alcoholic beverages (for those in the service of Hitoyoshi castle). A different kind of license was required for those outside the service of Hitoyoshi castle. No licenses were required for home use. Only 20 distilleries were approved licenses for the production of rice shochu. The peasantry crafted shochu from various grains, such as barley, while rice shochu was considered highly valuable. |
1705年 | The cultivation of sweet potato began in Kagoshima prefecture (followed by the production of sweet potato shochu in 1782) |
Meiji Period | |
1871 | The official alcohol regulation system is abolished and permission to craft alcohol is given to anyone who applies. 60 new distilleries are established. |
1875 | According to the Higo (presently Kumamoto Prefecture) Kuma district magazine, sake production is 1.3 times that of shochu. |
1898 | Home production of shochu is officially banned . Approx. |
1902 | The official full-scale selling of shochu begins. Each distillery begins branding and distributing their products. |
Taisho Period | |
1913 | The use of white rice begins (as opposed to brown rice); the Niji Shikomi method (“second moromi fermentation”) is implemented (the Donburi, “big bowl” method had been used up to this point).) |
1923 | 53 registered producers, producing 1723kl worth of shochu. |
Showa Period | |
1940 | The use of black koji begins (yellow koji had been used up to this point). |
1945 | Due to a shortage of rice, regulated rice shochu production was put on hold for 5 years. Potato and barley shochu production continued. |
1950 | The use of white koji begins (after 1970 almost 100% of production is done with white koji). |
1972 | Vacuum distillation stills are introduced. |